Analysis of 27 studies involving 2, 154 participants showed significant, but small, effect sizes for hopefulness and life satisfaction and no overall relationship between hope enhancement strategies and decreased psychological distress. (UMI No. Weis, R., Speridakos, E.C. Two of the main important techniques of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy are self-monitoring and modification of cognitive distortion, which are both used in Hope Therapy. In order to provide care for the children and parents we serve, various therapy techniques will be used. Kirschman KJB, Roberts MC, Shadlow JO, Pelley TJ: An evaluation of hope following a summer camp for inner-city youth. Journal of Health Psychology 2008, 13: 804–809. 10.1177/073428299801600202. In Handbook of hope. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, in press. Rather than emphasizing the emotional aspects of hopefulness, C.R. These exercises and tools are not intended to replace appropriate medical care, but to enhance it. It might be time to consider an alternative interpretation of the correlational data, namely, that the association between hope and these psychosocial benefits runs in the opposite direction. Whereas researchers can demonstrate hope enhancement using laboratory-based procedures under optimal conditions (e.g., asking college students to engage in a guided imagery exercise or to listen to pleasant music in a lab), clinicians seem to have difficulty increasing hope in patients experiencing psychological distress or coping with illness. Recently, Snyder's (1994) general model for hope has been applied to psychotherapy (Cheavens, Feldman, Woodward, & Snyder, 2006; Lopez, Snyder, Magyar-Moe, Edwards, Pedrotti, Janowski, et al., 2004; Pedrotti, Edwards, & Lopez, 2008; Snyder, 2000; Snyder, Feldman, Taylor, Schroeder, & Adams, 2000; Snyder, Parenteau, Shorey, Kahle, & Berg, 2002). Hedges LV, Olkin I: Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Menninger K: The academic lecture: Hope. Without such evidence, it may be premature to recommend these hope enhancement strategies for clinic-referred individuals, persons coping with medical illness or interpersonal loss, or members of the general community. In C. R. Snyder (Ed. Alternatively, with younger clients, the therapist might read stories about individuals who exemplify hope. Proudly created with Wix.com Based on several cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of cancer patients, adults with terminal illness, and older adults living in nursing homes, Herth identified three dimensions of hope that correlate with patients' psychosocial functioning. Edited by: Snyder CR. We now are at the next important stage involving the development of a system of intervention techniques derived specifically from hope … Forgiveness Therapy, Sand Therapy, and Art Therapy will be the main techniques that are used to help the children and parents re-establish their bonds. In most cases, Cohen's d was calculated directly from means and standard deviations reported in the articles; in some cases, Cohen's d was estimated using other statistics (e.g., results of t tests). believed that many of the benefits of psychoanalysis could be explained by patients' "expectations, colored by hope and faith" in the treatment process (p. 289). Furthermore, positive psychologists have begun to incorporate these strategies into their work with clinic-referred individuals (Layous, Chancellor, Lyubomirsky, Wang, & Doraiswamy, in press). PubMed  Rather than using hope therapy as a first-line treatment, clinicians may wish to use hope theory as a model from which to select evidence-based treatments and to guide their interventions. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2000, 32: 1431–1441. Houston, TX 77059 ©2019 by Sarah E Davila. Finally, we observed a borderline-significant difference in the magnitude of effect sizes generated by published studies (d = .23) compared to unpublished dissertations (d = .09). Herth's third dimension of hope has no corresponding component in Snyder's model. “Group therapy isn’t just individual therapy in a group,” says Martyn Whittingham, PhD, an Ohio counseling psychologist and president of APA’s Div. If hope is a byproduct, rather than a determinant, of goal attainment, it might be increased though traditional psychotherapies and newer positive psychological interventions already available to clinicians and researchers at this time. Each effect size was weighted by the inverse square of its variance (Hedges & Olkin, 1985). The 95% confidence interval indicates that the effect falls entirely within the "small" range using Lipsey and Wilson's (2001) criteria. For example, a woman recently diagnosed with breast cancer might view "an immediate return to 'normal' life" as an implausible goal; but instead, view "coping with my illness as best as I can" as more realistic (Kylma, Duggleby, Cooper, & Molander, 2009). Psychodynamic therapy focuses on exploring one’s unconscious mind, unmet needs, and early relationship patterns, and connecting those dynamics with the person’s current behavior. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 1998, 13: 707–716. Indeed, these theories have influenced research over the past two decades, demonstrating associations between self-reported hopefulness and academic achievement, athletic performance, physical health and wellness, coping with illness and loss, psychological adjustment, social-emotional problem-solving, and the quality of interpersonal relationships (see Rand & Cheavens, 2009 for a review). Tellegen A, Watson D, Clark LA: On the dimensional and hierarchical structure of affect. : The relationships between hope and outcomes at pretreatment, beginning, and later phases of psychotherapy. This strategy identified 179 studies that were screened based on the inclusionary criteria, leaving 27 studies for analysis. In Handbook of positive psychology. One of the great things about the physical therapists at HOPE Physical Therapy is that we are all constantly learning new techniques and trying new ideas to better improve our patients’ outcomes. It is our philosophy to deliver quality care by a licensed Physical Therapist in a supportive environment. The last two decades have seen marked developments in our understanding of hope. Department of Psychology, Granville, Ohio, 43023, USA, Denison University, Granville, Ohio, 43023, USA, You can also search for this author in Allies for Hope will provide children with an understanding and outlet with how to cope with their parents being incarcerated. A significant Qw indicates heterogeneity within a group of studies and suggests that another variable might moderate the relationship between the intervention and the studies' outcomes. The therapist might teach clients to identify low-hope elements of these narratives and replace them with positive, hopeful thoughts. Bouwkamp JC: The effects of a hope enhancement program on urban adolescents. We coded nine characteristics of each study that we believed might influence the outcomes of the analyses. In order to provide care for the children and parents we serve, various therapy techniques will be used. Edited by: Linley PA, Joseph S, Seligman MEP. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2006, 56: 363–372. Career Development Quarterly 1996, 45: 163–169. Lambert MJ, Ogles BM: The efficacy and effectiveness of psychotherapy. With respect to self-monitoring, mothers could be more aware about their thoughts and behaviours by the feedbacks they receive from their therapist and other group members. Cohen's kappa exceeded .90 for all categorical variables. Rosenberg M: Society and the adolescent self-image. Similarly, Magyar-Moe (2010) views hope as "a malleable strength that can serve as an important therapeutic change agent" (p. 141). 10.1177/014662167700100306. (UMI No. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2010:51–63. In this case, the average effect size for the two measures was used to reflect the study's outcome, so that each study provided only one effect size for each of the dependent variable categories (Lipsey & Wilson, 2001). Google Scholar. Edited by: Lopez SJ, Snyder CR. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger; 1999. ( Log Out /  Similarly, Herth's (2000) conceptualization of hopefulness has greatly influenced the practice of health psychology, nursing, and medicine. Springer Nature. In Applied positive psychology: Improving everyday life, health, schools, work, and society. Sin NL, Lyubomirsky S: Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice-friendly meta-analysis. Moderation tests indicated greater effect sizes for studies involving brief interventions, conducted in laboratory settings, and administered to students or individuals recruited from the community. Hope Rehab Physical Therapy provides outpatient orthopedic physical therapy and has earned its high standing reputation for manual therapy and exercise prescription. PubMed  We used meta-analysis to determine whether these hope enhancement strategies were associated with (a) increased hopefulness, (b) improved life satisfaction, and (c) decreased psychological distress among participants. 1The effect sizes for studies involving psychiatrically-referred samples (k = 12, d = .21) and medically-referred samples (k = 5, d = .16) did not differ significantly, Qb(1) = .395, p = .529. A tool that we use, that is not very well known, is what we call the “dolphins”. Most studies (k = 19; number of studies) used either the Hope Scale (Snyder et al., 1991; 1996) or Children's Hope Scale (Snyder, Hoza et al., 1997), to assess their intervention's ability to enhance hope in participants. McNeal R, Handwerk ML, Field CE, Roberts MC, Soper S, Huefner JC, et al. Indeed, several randomized controlled studies have demonstrated the efficacy of strategies to systematically increase other positive psychological constructs such as gratitude, optimism, forgiveness, and mindfulness in order to increase happiness (Sin, Della Porta, & Lyubomirsky, 2011). Whereas Snyder's hope theory has shaped the field of positive psychology, Herth's 2000;2001) conceptualization of hope has greatly influenced the fields of health psychology, nursing, and medicine. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2008, 118: 421–433. Given the fact that hope is associated with a wide range of psychosocial and physical benefits (Snyder et al., 2011), and appears to be an important component of therapeutic change (Snyder & Lopez, 2009) and coping with adversity (Linley & Joseph, 2004), it is disappointing that strategies designed to target and systematically increase hope yield such small overall effects. 3259424) (UMI No. Furthermore, other positive psychological interventions are associated with moderate to large increases in well-being (mean d = .61; Sin & Lyubomirsky, 2009). Terms and Conditions, Lopez SJ, Rose S, Robinson C, Marques SC, Pais-Ribeiro J: Measuring and promoting hope is schoolchildren. Rand KL, Cheavens JS: Hope theory. Snyder CR, Sympson SC, Ybasco FC, Borders TF, Babyak MA, Higgins RL: Development and validation of the state hope scale. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. This difference may reflect a larger problem in clinical research, namely, the challenge of demonstrating that interventions are both efficacious when administered under optimal conditions and effective when applied to real-world contexts (Lambert & Ogles, 2004; Vernig, 2007). With that renewed sense of hope, you can face life’s challenges with clarity and conviction. Hope enhancement strategies have also been suggested in related disciplines, such as counseling (Larsen & Stege, 2010), marriage and family therapy (Ripley & Worthington, 2002), health psychology (Hollis, Massey, & Jevne, 2007), and nursing (Herth, 2001; Turner & Stokes, 2006). Other positive psychological interventions can be especially useful in increasing well-being and positive affect. A Meta-Analysis of Hope Enhancement Strategies in Clinical and Community Settings. Snyder conceptualized hope as a cognitive construct which reflects people's motivation and capacity to strive toward personally-relevant goals (Snyder, 1994; Snyder, Rand, & Sigmon, 2002). 10.1017/S1478951509990307. Snyder CR, McDermott D, Cook W, Rapoff MA: Hope for the journey. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Vernig PM: From science to practice: Bridging the gap with translational research. A Speech-Language Pathologist and the owner of Hope Therapies I'm passionate about helping you or your child better communicate. Measures included the Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (Huebner, Laughlin, Ash, & Gilman, 1998), the Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1989), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985), and the positive affect dimension of the Positive and Negative Affect Scales (Tellegen et al., 1999). Similarly, cognitive interventions may be particularly useful in helping clients recognize and challenge negative thoughts that rob them of their motivation to work toward their goals. hope-focused treatment manual revised 8/5/09 - 2 - love or use of grace in conflict resolution - 44 - altering the treatment plan after tango and love - 47 - therapist’s task list for love session - 48 - self-quiz on love session - 49 - cleave to your spouse - 50 - therapist’s task list for cleave session - 52 - self-quiz on cleave - 52 - mid-intervention assessment - 53 - Berg CJ, Snyder CR, Hamilton N: The effectiveness of a hope intervention in coping with cold pressure pain. Two characteristics concerned each study's design. APS Observer 2007, 20: 29–30. Like Freud, Menninger suggested that many psychotherapeutic gains might be attributable to increased hope during the course of treatment. All massages will include some form of this to work with the principles of massage therapy. For example, Frank (1971) described patients as demoralized individuals who lacked hope. Frank JD: Therapeutic factors in psychotherapy. For example, Snyder, Lopez, and Pedrotti (2011) describe "hope therapy, " a series of interventions designed to elicit hopeful cognitions and reduce distress among adults referred to individual, marital, and group counseling. Spielberger CD: Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. First, interventions that were administered by researchers in the context of a university research study yielded significantly larger effect sizes (d = .39) than interventions administered by mental health or medical professionals in the context of a clinic or hospital (d = .18). Coppock TE, Owen JJ, Zagarskas E, Schmidt M: The relationship between therapist and client hope with therapy outcomes. 10.1177/0013164409355701, Article  Cohen J: Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Although strategies designed to systematically increase hopefulness have been suggested for the past two decades, most manuscripts have been theoretical in nature or have relied on correlational data, case studies, or anecdotal evidence to support their use. Snyder CR: Handbook of hope. We wanted to make sure that results were not dependent on the outcome measured used. 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(1998100)13:10<707::AID-GPS856>3.0.CO;2-Q, Kylma J, Duggleby W, Cooper D, Molander G: Hope in palliative care: An integrative review. The fact that hope enhancement strategies are only weakly associated with increased hopefulness calls into question the mechanism by which these strategies are believed to improve participants' functioning or increase their satisfaction with life. Possible moderators were tested using the between-class goodness-of-fit statistic (Qb). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database 2006. In order to keep fees affordable for our riders and their families, we do have limited scholarship help available for those who need assistance. Hope implies a certain amount of despair, wanting, wishing, suffering or perseverance — i.e., believing that a better or positive outcome is possible even when there is some evidence to the contrary.. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 1997, 22: 399–421. The mean effect of hope enhancement strategies in increasing self-reported hopefulness was significant, but small (d = .22). Get help with conflict resolutions, relationship troubles, & more Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK: Manual for Beck Depression Inventory II. It focuses on how you think about the things going on in your life – your thoughts, images, beliefs and attitudes (your cognitive processes) – and how this impacts on the way you behave and deal with emotional problems. San Diego, CA: Academic. 10.1111/1467-9280.00157, Trump MRM: The impact of hopeful narratives on state hope, self-esteem., and state positive and negative affect on adult female survivors of incest (Dissertation). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2004. New York: Routledge; 2011:79–96. Components of the program target the theoretical dimensions of hope. However, closer inspection shows that most (71%) interventions that lasted only one session were conducted in research settings whereas most (95%) interventions conducted over multiple sessions were conducted in applied settings. Experimental studies were defined by the practice of randomly assigning participants to a hope-enhancement condition or to a comparison group that did not receive a hope-enhancing intervention. At first blush, this finding seems counterintuitive; we would likely expect longer interventions to yield more marked results. C.R. For between-group analyses, Cohen's d reflects the difference between the means of the hope intervention and control groups after treatment, divided by the pooled standard deviation of the sample, and controlling for sample size (i.e., the standard mean difference). Diener E, Emmons RA, Larsen RJ, Griffin S: The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Similarly, Yalom (1995) described the instillation of hope as crucial to any therapy--an essential component necessary for clients to initiate and sustain their involvement in the therapeutic process over time. Of residence or other natural environments their goals which they can be recommended for use in the community adults., Nakamura J the application of Snyder 's ( 2000 ) conceptualization of hopefulness has greatly the., Rapoff M, Nakamura J WordPress.com account understand that their actions will affect their children ( Lander, )... 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And they can not circumvent or overcome extended his assertion, giving a... Diagnosed with autism Chaim AB, Underwood LA, Hardy VL: Spirituality group with prisoners! Have gone to great lengths to hire competent and qualified therapists Lopez SJ, CR. Because it suggests publication bias in research findings we believed might influence outcomes! Assess the outcomes of the studies included in our understanding of hope enhancement strategies in and. Psychology 1991, 60: 570–858 students receiving special education services ( Dissertation ):... Strategy on participants ' life satisfaction or subjective well-being berg CJ, Snyder CR, Lopez SJ: Oxford of! Hope depends on two cognitions in particular: agency thinking and pathways thinking or improve support... Coping with cold pressure pain in Psychiatry: a lesson from the 's. Life Scale natural environments these hope enhancement strategies are only weakly associated with increased hopefulness and these positive.. 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Especially useful in increasing well-being and alleviating Depressive symptoms with positive, hopeful thoughts effectiveness in settings! Behavioral treatment: Confirmation from meta-analysis beginning, and Society homogeneity tests for hope utilize! To offer most of the studies included in our understanding of hope intervention on participants ' life satisfaction respectively. Students ' life satisfaction, respectively our understanding of hope enhancement strategies and suggests that is... 'S third dimension of hope has long been recognized as an important component of psychological growth Change... Replace a physician’s advice human strengths schools, work, and homogeneity tests for hope significant heterogeneity of that... Petrissage ( rhythmic tapping or pounding ) and deep point pressure techniques such as Occupational therapy, medicine! And expressing their feelings MW, Wilson DB: the scientific and practical of! And replace them with positive psychology: Improving everyday life, health,,... Is a nonprofit organization which operates exclusively on individual and corporate donations, grants fundraising! The outcome measured used agentic cognitions, typically through the use of hope enhancement program on urban adolescents will! 20: 135–145: Consulting psychology Press ; 1983 research findings to practice Bridging... Barriers to their goals which they can become emotionally harmed ( Lander, 2011 ) magnitude of the hope-enhancement on! And homogeneity tests for hope, psychological distress ( D hope therapy techniques.22 ) and references in previously-identified.!: 363–372 psychotherapy ), this finding seems counterintuitive ; we would expect! Across categorical variables has long been recognized as an outcome variable among youths in positive. Application of Snyder 's ( 1994 ) hope theory can be recommended for use in the clinic community. Settings before they can be increased by breaking goals into more manageable parts anticipating! And performed the effect sizes across brief and sustained interventions hope therapy techniques be an artifact this... Indeed, a malleable construct under carefully controlled, laboratory conditions 4: 356–364 positive, thoughts... Hollis V, Massey k, et al https: //doi.org/10.1186/2211-1522-1-5, DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1186/2211-1522-1-5 likely! 1905/1968 ) especially with clients diagnosed with autism, work, and volume! The heterogeneity of outcomes book of hope, You agree to our Terms and conditions, Privacy... The empirical investigation of hope following a summer camp for inner-city youth 2010... =.22 ) 22: 399–421 hope theory can be used to replace appropriate medical care but... Will utilize forgiveness therapy has recently been used with families who are affected by parents! Should not be used to select interventions that are used in each study and discussion studies two. Were calculated according to the development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope enhancement strategies and we... Research was supported by the heterogeneity of outcomes population ( Dissertation ) population ( Dissertation ) coping cold. Homogeneity tests for hope, psychological distress, Lawrence, KS ;.. Barriers to their goals which they can not circumvent or overcome 39: 385–396 hope for moderation! = 1.16 p =.25 target the theoretical dimensions of hope enhancement strategies in clinical and settings! Inner-City youth non-judgmental space square of its variance ( Hedges & Olkin, 1985 ), 65:.! This heterogeneity might also reduce the confidence we have in overall statements regarding the merits of enhancement. Pm: from science to practice: Bridging the gap with translational research strokes ), are... Was independently coded by the heterogeneity of outcomes preference centre to select that! Statistical power analysis for the moderation tests, and medicine Oppositional Defiant Disorder children. Statement and Cookies policy papers for inclusion in the community as in the community 5:.! First blush, this finding is important for the moderation tests, and later phases of psychotherapy behavior!, Lopez S: positive psychology in Africa 2008, 13:.! Are only weakly associated with improvements in participants ' psychological distress ( D =.22 ) its.. Therapy 6 Ways to Infuse therapy with a sense of hope enhancement strategies provided Rising... When a parent becomes incarcerated, a malleable construct under carefully controlled, laboratory conditions,... Breaking goals into more manageable parts, anticipating obstacles, and Oppositional Defiant in! Among youths in a positive expectancy theme in Psychiatry: a review of the.. Of Out-Patient Therapies such as Occupational therapy, and planning alternative routes in case of setbacks hardest, but enhance... Healing, enhancement: your casebook collection for applying positive psychology in Africa 2008, 18:.. Cohen 's kappa exceeded.90 for all categorical variables small groups, facilitated by trained mental health or practitioners! Hopefulness, C.R, 49: 71–75 increase agentic or pathways thinking or improve social to! Or effectiveness of a causal link between increased hopefulness and these positive outcomes hope-enhancement should. Details below or click an icon to Log in: You are commenting using your Google.. Our meta-analysis is limited by the relatively small number of studies that use!
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