0.4–1 mm long. Auger. Sometimes on the lower stem, the sheaths do not overlap, and where the stem is exposed, it may have a reddish blush This seems to be more typical of young stems and stems growing in standing water. Note – There are two slightly different versions of the tool; one for printing and filling in by hand and another for filling in electronically. It is a tall reed with a feathered top. australis (non-native) and Phragmites australis subsp. The two subspecies differ in growth form; the native subsp. The native subspecies occurs throughout Michigan, while the introduced subspecies, first collected in Michigan in 1979, is concentrated in developed areas of southern Michigan, becoming less common northward and apparently still uncommon in the Upper Peninsula. Report locations of non-native phragmites by contacting us at 906-225-0215 or phragmites@uprcd.org. In this article we will take a look at the invasive plants and Phragmites plant habits; what makes it invasive and why that is a problem in Michigan. Both sub-species can be found in Nebraska. The native subsp. Today, invasive Phragmites can be found across North America and dominates along the Atlantic coast where few native Phragmites populations remain. What problems does invasive phragmites cause? Its leaves attach to the stem in an alternating pattern and are a greenish … Phragmites / Common Reed. Some invasive species cause more harm than others, and they cause harm in different and multiple ways. Rapid invasion of a Great Lakes coastal wetland by non-native Phragmites australis and Typha. Invasive non-native Phragmites australis is a perennial wetland plant that has quickly spread through Michigan marshes and wetland areas, robbing the fish, plants and wildlife of nutrients and space; blocking access to the water for swimming, fishing and other recreation endeavors; spoiling shoreline views; and posing a fire hazard. Invasive Species - (Phragmites australis) Restricted in Michigan Invasive phragmites (also known as common reed) is a warm-season perennial grass with a rigid hollow stem and leaves that are flat, smooth, and green to grayish-green. Catling, Mitrow, & Black (2007) provide very helpful commentary on this species in eastern Ontario, including more detailed discussion of characters. The flowers grow as dense branched clusters on the end of each stem that are open and feathery at maturity. Of those non-native plants, there are over a hundred invasive species in Michigan. Phragmites (Phragmites australis) is an aggressive-growing, exotic emergent plant that is infesting Michigan’s coastal areas, wetlands, and lake shores.Plants can exceed 15 feet in height and obstruct shoreline views and uses. Its inflorescence is usually sparser than non-native Phragmites, as are most patches where it grows. Its scientific name is Phragmites australis subsp. The native subspecies is an uncommon component of natural marshes, fens, and lakeshores. Vegetative reproduction can be very rapid in both subspecies, with aggressive rhizomes, and also long stolons, the latter noted as long as 13 m, as observed by L. H. Harvey on the flats at Cecil Bay, Emmet Co. Both sub-species can be found in Nebraska. Phragmites ” previously posted on the Weeds Gone Wild website. Phragmites australis, also known as common reed or phragmites , is an invasive perennial grass that has spread rapidly throughout coastal and interior wetlands, riparian corridors, roadside ditches and … Phragmites. Native Phragmites stands have been found in a few New England marshes. January 28, 2016 Kevin Cronk, Tip of the Mitt Watershed Council Gradually and subtly, non-native Phragmites crept into Michigan’s Northern Lower Peninsula, under the radar of many local natural resource managers and residents. However, native Phragmites has always been a rare, non-invasive species that grows in mixed wetland plant communities. Phragmites, Non-Native (Phragmites australis/Common Reed) by boxcar-admin | Jan 28, 2016 | Blog. Tulbure, M.G., C.A. Phragmites (Phragmites australis), also known as the common reed, is an aggressive wetland invader that grows along the shorelines of water bodies or in water several feet deep. It grows in dense stands that limit recreational access to beaches, shorelines, and wetlands, decrease property values, and reduce biological diversity by crowding out native plants and habitats. Phragmites (Phragmites australis), also known as the common reed, is an aggressive wetland invader that grows along the shorelines of water bodies or in water several feet deep.It is characterized by its towering height of up to 14 feet and its stiff wide leaves and hollow stem. The rapid expansion of this variety of Phragmites has resulted in adverse ecological, Phragmites australis (frag-MY-teez), also known as common reed, is a perennial, wetland grass that can grow to 15 feet in height.While Phragmites australis is native to Michigan, an invasive, non-native, variety of phragmites is becoming widespread and is threatening the ecological health of wetlands and the Great Lakes coastal shoreline. Johnston, and D.L. Phragmites, Non-Native (Phragmites australis/Common Reed) Non-native Phragmites, also known as common reed, is a perennial aggressive wetland grass that easily outcompetes native plants and displaces native animals. Phragmites is also known as common reed, giant reed and canegrass. australis (non-native) or Phragmites australis subsp. Phragmites is a perennial, warm season grass that can grow in dense stands and is long living. If you need genetic confirmation for whether your Phragmites is native or invasive, then consider contacting one of the following cooperating laboratories:. It compared environmental … McNabb & Batterson (1991) noted the spread of this entity, before it was known that there were two subspecies in Michigan, and suggested that it started to occur along roadsides about 1975. Phragmites are perennial grasses that grow in wetland areas. Biological Control 23(2):191-212. When managing non-native Phragmites, it is important to first determine if the plants in question are the native or invasive strain, both to protect native plants from harm and to avoid wasting invasive species management resources on a non-target species. Phragmites can greatly reduce the diversity of desirable native plants, including the native variety of Phragmites, and reduce wildlife habitat. understood, could potentially predict native Phragmites success or susceptibility of an area to non-native Phragmites invasion. As far as plants go, there are over 2700 plants in Michigan, and of those plants, over 1/3 are non-native (which is ALOT of non-native plants). Water Levels are an Unforeseen Ally in Northern Michigan De-Phragging Efforts. Though still much undercollected, as of 2015, the alien subspecies was documented by herbarium specimens from Delta, Iron, Kalamazoo, Lapeer, Mason, Mecosta, Ontonagon, Tuscola, Washtenaw, and Wayne Cos. Phragmites australis (frag-MY-teez), also known as common reed, is a perennial, wetland grass that can grow to 15 feet in height. Any questions should be directed to Laura Ogar, of the Bay County Environmental Affairs and Community Development Department at 989-895-4135 or via email at ogarl@baycounty.net. It is in the family Poaceae (Grass family). The native subspecies is an uncommon component of natural marshes, fens, and lakeshores. For large areas with dense stands of invasive Phragmites, prescribed burning used after herbicide treatment can provide additional control and ecological benefits over mechanical removal. * Leaves of native phragmites The juncture between the leaf blade and the leaf sheath, the ligule, helps identify non-native Phragmites (less than 1… Native Phragmites typically has the following distinguishing traits: * Stems are reddish in the spring and summer and are smooth, shiny and flexible, while nonnative phragmites stems are tan and rough, dull and rigid. Phragmites is on Michigan's Invasive Species watch list. This study aimed to measure native and invasive Phragmites success in a variety of habitats in northern Michigan. In our first article we discuss how Phragmites affects waterfront owner property values and related local ecosystems, our second article discusses how the presence of Phragmites increase liabilities of fires and flooding. Like most invasive plants on the Top 12 list for the region, phragmites forms monocultures that replace native plants in high quality natural areas, which in turn reduces critical food resources for birds, butterflies, and other wild creatures. Invasive phragmites are a concern because they threaten the ecological health of wetlands, especially along the shoreline of Great Lakes waterways. A user guide is also available that gives more details about how to use the tool and describes the criteria used for prioritization. Both sub-species can be found in Nebraska. americanus Saltonst., P. M. Peterson & Soreng has shiny, reddish to purplish lower stem internodes (usually exposed because the sheaths are readily deciduous), and the membranous part of the ligule (excluding the apical fringe) ca. australis has duller yellow or yellowish-brown lower stem internodes, the sheaths mostly persistent after the culm senesces, and the membranous part of the ligule 0.1–0.4 mm long. Useful websites for identification include: Statewide Efforts are underway by a variety of state and local groups, trying to address invasive Phragmites in Michigan. Leaves are blue-green, 15 to 20 inches long, and one to one and a half inches wide. americanus often has rather scattered stems in a colony, whereas the introduced subsp. The GLPC is a regional partnership established to improve communication and collaboration and lead to more coordinated, efficient and strategic approaches to Phragmites management, restoration and research across the Great Lakes basin. (Sept. 7, 2018) Phragmites australis (also known as common reed) is a tall, rapidly growing invasive grass found on beaches, wetlands, lakes and roadsides throughout the Great Lakes. The introduced subspecies is aggressively invasive and frequent now in ditches, urban wetlands, and other disturbed, often saline, habitats, though it is also a major problem on Great Lakes shoreline wetlands. Determine whether the plants are native or invasive Phragmites (or another plant species). The introduced subsp. A cosmopolitan species, found around the world, and represented in Michigan by two subspecies. Invasive Phragmites can be controlled using an integrated pest management approach which includes an initial herbicide treatment followed by mechanical removal (e.g., cutting, mowing) and annual maintenance. The Great Lakes Phragmites Collaborative is a network of agencies, organizations and citizens who are engaged in non-native Phragmites in some way, including management, research and communication.. Oakland University, Rochester, MI Doug Wendell, Ph.D, [email protected] Utah State University, Logan, UT Karen Mock, Ph.D, [email protected] Native Phragmites is more prevalent in the Great Lakes than we previously assumed. Phragmites tend to be an issue in Michigan because they "crowd-out" the native … Where Is Native Phragmites Found? With Adobe Reader XI, you can also save a file with the filled in information. Early detection is key to preventing large dense stands and is also more cost efficient. The two are amply distinct in Michigan, but apparently the morphological gap is bridged by other entities to our south. Stems dull yellowish; usually covered by the leaf sheath. Phragmites. Americanus (native), of the family Poaceae, the grass family. Phragmites. Both entities can have red color on the stolons. The plant ranges in height from 6-13 feet. Potential for biological control of Phragmites australis in North America. Similar species: Native Phragmites (Phragmites australis ssp. MSU’s aquatic field guide describes non-native phragmites is a “stout, colonial, perennial grass ranging in height from 1.8-3.9 m (6-13 ft). Phragmites is on Michigan's Invasive Species watch list. EGLE has developed a prioritization tool and user guide to help management groups prioritize the treatment and management of invasive Phragmites in Michigan. The sheaths of non-native Phragmites more consistently overlap each other, so the stem appears to be more consistently green. Though showing some overlap, glume length also differs with the lower glume of the alien subspecies mostly 2.6–4.2 (–4.8) mm long while the native has lower glumes usually 4–7 mm long. Inflorescence a dense branched cluster on the bearded axis at the end of each stem; becoming open and feathery at maturity. Marshes, wet shores, ditches and swales, tamarack swamps, fens; often in water (occasionally as deep as 1.8 m). Americanus (native), of the family Poaceae, the grass family. Check out the resources and links below in the Phragmites Information section for more information about this species. This invasive species habitat… Its scientific name is Phragmites australis subsp. There are phragmites that are native to Michigan, but the invasive, non-native variety of phragmites have become an issue for all residents. americanus (native). Near-monotypic stands of this aggressive grass have replaced high quality, complex communities of native plants over thousands of acres of Michigan wetlands and coastal areas. NON-NATIVE PHRAGMITES (Phragmites australis) Problem Overview . Native vs. Non-native. Encourage your constituents, friends and neighbors to educate themselves about non-native phragmites as well. It is a tall reed with a feathered top. Phragmites is also known as common reed, giant reed and canegrass. Journal of Great Lakes Research 33(sp3):269-279. Phragmites. The Collaborative was established to reduce the spread and occurrence of Phragmites in the Great Lakes basin by improving management and research and enhancing communication and collaboration. Phragmites is also known as common reed, giant reed, or canegrass. Phragmites australis (frag-MY-teez), also known as common reed, is a perennial, wetland grass that can grow to 15 feet in height.While Phragmites australis is native to Michigan, an invasive, non-native, variety of phragmites is becoming widespread and is threatening the ecological health of wetlands and the Great Lakes coastal shoreline. americanus) Origin: The invasive plant was introduced to the east coast in the 1800s and has been expanding westward. Invasive phragmites creates tall, dense stands which degrade wetlands and coastal areas by crowding out native plants and animals, blocking shoreline views, reducing access for swimming, fishing, and hunting and can create fire hazards from dry plant material. Its leaves attach to the stem in an alternating pattern and are a greenish … Great Lakes basin wide Phragmites information through the Great Lakes Phragmites Collaborative (GLPC) is available at: http://greatlakesphragmites.net/. The native subspecies occurs in natural communities; fens, sedge meadows, lake and river shores, etc. The Eurasian subspecies is now an agressive invader of roadsides, ditches, and native wetlands and lake shores; dense stands of the non-native plant are a conspicuous feature along highways especially in southeastern Michigan, persisting as straw-colored stems with puffy plumes of inflorescences even into winter. Invasive ligules are usually half as wide as those of native plants, measuring between 0.1 – 0.4 mm and 0.4 – 1.0 mm, respectively. Including Bois Blanc, Mackinac, Round Islands. Phragmites While Phragmites control in these areas is a priority, there are no dates scheduled for treatment at this time. Native vs. Non-native. Leaves adhere tightly to the stem throughout the growing season and remain as long as the stalk stays standing. Phragmites reproduce asexually but can also undergo sexual reproduction via pollination with their seeds being dispersed by wind. Native and invasive Phragmites have distinctive ligules – the membranous extension of the leaf sheath at the point where it meets the blade – making it a reliable indicator for identification. australis (non-native) and Phragmites australis subsp. This project was funded in part by the Michigan Invasive Species Grant Program. Its scientific name is Phragmites australis subsp. This field guide presents the most current information available on the origin, distribution, taxonomy, genetics and morphological differentiation of native and introduced forms of Phragmites australis. australis generally forms very dense stands, choking out most other species. Similar species: native Phragmites (Phragmites australis subsp. Native vs. Non-native. americanus) has smooth, flexible stems, often with shiny, round, black spots (a fungus). native variety of the same species, as well as many other native plants. 2007. Mostly, Phragmites can be found growing in wet, marshy areas. For more information on these local and regional efforts, or for information on how to get involved in your area, please visit: Phragmites Treatment/Management Prioritization Tool – Printable Version, Phragmites Treatment/Management Prioritization Tool – Fill-in Version, User Guide for the Phragmites Treatment/Management Prioritization Tool, Midwest Invasive Species Information Network, A Guide to the Control and Management of Invasive Phragmites, General Permit for Aquatic Nuisance Control Activities for Certain Non-native Invasive Emergent Plants, Pesticide Application Businesses Licensed by the State of Michigan. While Phragmites australis is native to Michigan, an invasive, non-native, variety of phragmites is becoming widespread and is threatening the ecological health of wetlands and the Great Lakes coastal shoreline. Australis/Common reed ) native variety of habitats in northern Michigan wildlife habitat fungus.... 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