Your hard drive can have various partitions which usually contain only one file system, such as one file system housing the /file system or another containing the /home file system. TYPES OF FILE SYSTEMS 1.2. The original Linux Virtual File System was developed by Chris Provenzano, and later rewritten by Linus orvTalds. 1.1. Ext3 File System Ext3 was the most common file system in Linux Common default historically for distributions Applications tuned to its behaviors (fsync...) Familiar to most system administrators Ext3 challenges Very large file system repair (fsck) time Limited scalability – 16TB max fs size Significantly slower than other file systems The number of entries in the file system can grow quite quickly. Maybe you still remember during Linux hard disk partition process, we have to choose Linux file system type which includes ext2, ext3, reiserfs, etc. Basic Linux Commands • File Handling • Text Processing • System Administration • Process Management • Archival • Network • File Systems A Linux beginner might get confuse between Linux file system structure and Linux file system type. THE XFS FILE SYSTEM Performance characteristics 1.4. If you have been using your system for some time, this may take a while, because, even if you haven’t generated many files yourself, a Linux system and its apps are always logging, cacheing, and storing temporal files. We hope these examples will help you to get a better understanding of the Linux system and that you feel encouraged to try out things on your own. 2 Ext2 “Standard” Linux File System Was the most commonly used before ext3 came out Uses FFS-like layout Each FS is composed of identical block groups Allocation is designed to improve locality inodes contain pointers (32 bits) to blocks Direct, Indirect, Double Indirect, Triple Indirect Maximum file size: 4.1TB (4K Blocks) Overview of the different Flash file systems • JFFS2 : Journaling Flash File System version 2 (David Woodhouse) – Has been integrated in Linux kernel since 2001. – Commonly used for low volume flash devices. Linux Virtual FileSystem Around Since Linux 1.0 File-oriented nature of *nix OS makes it important to get this right ext/ext2 filesystems used the “emergent” VFS in Linux 1.0 As OS matured, more functionality migrated to VFS layer, with ext2 often serving as the model and test case Housekeeping Registration, removal Enumeration (cat /proc/fs) COMPARISON OF XFS AND EXT4 1.6. experience as a Linux system and network administrator, trainer and consultant. – Each partition uses a file system • FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, NTFS on Windows systems • EXT2, EXT3, UFS1, UFS2 on Linux and UNIX systems • Recovery tools can often find data even if the disk was repartioned – Look for tell-tale symptoms of a file system – FAT file systems … NETWORK FILE SYSTEMS Available network file systems 1.8. A partition is a container for information and can span an entire hard drive if desired. THE EXT4 FILE SYSTEM 1.5. The Linux Ext2 le system was developed in the mid 1990's by Rémy Card, LOCAL FILE SYSTEMS Available local file systems 1.3. A file system is a logical collection of files on a partition or disk. – Compression is supported. Linux file system structure This is an overview to file system directory hierarchy in Linux system. Instead, try this: tree -L 1 / Don’t feel overwhelmed, though. CHOOSING A LOCAL FILE SYSTEM 1.7. Everybody who wants to get a “CLUE” , a Command Line User Experience, with Linux (and UNIX in Linux continues to use the term "i-node", and in these notes we will do the same.The Linux Seondc Extended File System ( Ext2 ) is depicted in Figure 3.2.